Type-bar machine.



F. H. RICHARDS. TYPE BAR'MA'GHINE. APPLICATION FILED man, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 1a, 1908.

919,227. Patented Apr.20, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

w: NoRms PETERS cu, wnsnmsrou, l1 c.

F. H. RICHARDS. TYPE'BAR MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 13, 1908.

F. H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BAR MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1901. RENEWED we. 13, 190B.

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ljfi'nsses F. H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BAR MACHINE. urmoumn FILED MABJ, 1901, RENEWED we. 1a, 1908.

919,227. Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

- wine-mes:- Jiwenioz:

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

F. H. RICHARDS.

' TYPE BAR MACHINE. AIPLIOATION FILED mum, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 1a, 1908.

P. H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BAR MAGHINE.

APILIOATION FILED MABHT, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 13,1908.

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

- 10 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

F M n v 1 T 7n: NORRIS FITERS cm. wnsumm'ou, n. c.

F. H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BARMAGHINB. v APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, B01. EEHEWED AUG. 18, 1908, 919,227. Patented Apr.-20,1909.

\ 10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

rue: u'olnns n'nns cu.. umsmuarou, n. c.

F. H. RICHARDS. TYPE BAR MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MARHT, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 13, 1908.

919,227. Patented A r.20,1909.

10 BHEETS-BHEET 8.

F". H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BAR MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED mu. 1, 1901. nnnwnnme. 1a, 1908.

919,227. Patented Apr. 20; 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

14f inessesr Ewen/m7" rnl nouns FITIII co, Wllflm, a. c.

F. H. RICHARDS.

TYPE BAH. MACHINE,

APPLICATION FILED 11111.7, 1901. RENEWED AUG. 13, 1903.

91 9 ,227. Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET ml UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIO CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TYPE-BAR MACHINE Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. April 20, 1909.

Application filed March '7, 1901, Serial No. 50,194=. Renewed August 13, 1908. Serial No. 448,375.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Bar Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines for making types and typebars in the cold, that is, from type-formable material in the solid condition as distinguished from a fluid state attained by the application of heat other than that arising by virtue of or which may be generated by the operations to which the material is subjected, and particularly to that class of mechanisms which operate to produce a type suitable for use in the typographic art through the medium of a dielike instrumentality.

Many efforts have been made to produce from a mass of type-formable material by the action of a die a. type suitable for use in and which would satisfactorily meet the requirements of the typographic art in point especially of sharp definition and durability, and to combine a number of such types so formed in lines of composed types or type faces in the endeavor to produce a typebar that would satisfy the demands of the art for successful commercial application. Such attempts have generally been made, so far as I am aware, to form the type as the result of direct pressure exerted by the die upon the type-formable material unaccompanied by any concurrent or subsidiary force or movement designed to facilitate the production of an accurate and sharply defined counterpart of the type-forming die; that is, regarding the progressive movement of the die, for instance, into a position which it occupies at. some portion of the period consumed in doing its greatest amount of work mid. its subsequent recession from that position as too incousidcrable in its type-perfecting effect to be taken into account, there has been no general recognition of the factthat, practically, a continued rectilinear movement of a die into a mass of typeformable material, co-extensive in duration with the period of type formation, is ineffectual to completely and absolutely fill the die. The natural cohesion of the material causes during the shearing action of the cutting edges of the die (that is, those edges which determine the contour of the base of the type-block where it joins the body or stock of the blank) a portion adjacent to or in what will eventually form the impression surface of the type to be dragged or to How in the direction of die movement. Even if this rectilinear motion of the die is continued to a point where the bottom of the die cavity contacts with the column or block of material in the die and beyond, the fiowage manifestly taking place along the line of least resistance has been demonstrated by experiment to be in the ordinary typebarblank in a direction other than that which would completely fill the sharp angular recesses and hair line spaces of the die. This mode of type-forming results therefore in a type, the edges of whose impression surface are lacking in sharpnessv and definition. Such fiowage has been shown to take place laterally downward from under the edge of the die and even in the body of the blank itself to a degree suflicient in some cases to produce perceptible alteration in the crosssectional form of the blank at points within the sphere of fiowage action. So much for a brief consideration of the conditions to be met with in attempting to form a single type upon the usual form of blank which shall possess a sharply outlined upper surface. When, additionally, it is attempted to form upon a typebar-blank a second type at a point which brings an already formed type upon the blank within the flowage radius (for so I may term the maximum distance in any particular direction at which a movement in the mass of the material occurs suiticient in extent to distort or displace a formed surface) established and determined by the mode of applying the die adopted in any particular case, an additional factor enters into the problem, and requires consideration, to wit: the disposal of the excess or surplus material in the field determined by the contact faces of the die and which is severed or sheared by the latter during its action from the material building up and forming the type-block. This excess or surplus material in connection with the formative stresses induced by the moving die not only variously modifies the flowage concurring with and created by the advancement of the die into the blank in the absence of any provision for controlling its directional "movement, but also invariably results in the overriding of the adjacent type or the dis placement of the same from its proper rela tive position as usually and ordinarily spaced in composition. It has proved impracticable therefore to produce a satisfactory typebar for typographic use by the simple pressure of dies at successive points along the length of a blank or bar of metal. These very requirements, viz., the existence of some provision to suppress or so govern the action of the surplus i'naterial severed from the type-block by the die as that it. shall not disturb an adjacent type, the control of the induced flowage for the same purpose, and the provision of a mode of die action which shall operate to produce a sharply defined and satisfactory type have not, far as known to me, been fulfilled in the construction and operation of any prior ma chine.

I am aware that the manufacture of a typebar has been contemplated which involves the setting off of consecutive typeblocks along the edge of a typehar-hlank previous to the action of the individual dies thereon by slotting the edge of the blank cross-wise to remove the excess material from between the blocks, each block being trimmed prior to the action of the die upon itto roughly form the block to shape. These cross slots afford a space for the accommodation of the excess material when the dies are brought into engagement with the blocks to form types, tlowag'e therefore taking place in a direction lengthwise of the blank. But the connection of the typeblock produced in this manner with the body of the blank weakened by the very fact that it is n cessary to first cross the slot blank and isolate each. block from its fellows and the type-block is rendered less able to withstand the crushing action of the die by the necessity of carrying the slots to a depth sufficient to nullify the tendency of both the excess material sheared from the typeblock and the type-formative stre s to displace or destroy a type or types at the side. Moreover, by reason of this preliminary isolation of the block and its roughing out, a number of operations are necessary, consuming time in their performance and re quiring' a plurality of appropriate tools or operative devices. Furthermore, the type so formed lacks definition and sharpness, for although the action of the die on the metal if the die is rapidly rolled into place and away may be likened to the blow of on upon the other, the resulting product has proved to be similar in character to that produced by the application of a forn'iative pressure in a substantially rectilinear direc- 2 tion as referred to above.

Two of the principal features which characterize the operation of the machine embraced in my present invention are these: I

I l I l avoid the n .cessity of setting off the typeblecks before the dies are brought into action, and I subject each type-formable portion of the blank to repeated actions which, for the purpose of producing a symmetrically formed type, are preferably al.- lernated from side to side of the mass. 'lhese repeated actions result in the gradual reduction of the typeblock to shape, and are of such character that they operate to strengthen and finish the base portions of the block where the latter connects with the body of the blank and to condense and compact the impression and other surfaces of the type, besides operating to satisfactorily fill the angular portions and hair line spaces of the die cavity.

The drawings accompanying the following specification illustrate a machine whose construction and operation embody my present invention.

in these drawings Figure 1 is a plan view of such a machine and shows certain portions in section. 2 is a front elevation, certain portions also being; shown in section in this figure. F is a view looking at he machine. Fig. i is an end elevation coking in the direction in which certain die-wheels embodied in the machine appear. Figs. 5, G, and '7 are transverse vertical sections on the planes of the lines a--(. L o, and c-c, respectively, in

looking" from the left toward the right in that figure. Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the machine identical with Fig. Lbut shows a portion only on a somewhat larger scale than that to which Fig. i is drawn; this [injure is intended to illustrate more fully the movement of the blank-holder. a view of portion of the machine looking" at the under side thereof at that end indicated by Fig. 8, the view being drawn to a scale similar to that to which the latter figure is drawn. Fig. 10 is a view looking from the rear of. the machine toward that portion represented in Fig. Fig. 11 is a p :spective view of certain portions set forth in Fig. 10. F 12 is a perspective view of a detail concerned in the feed of the blank toward and its movement away from the die which it designed shall operate upon it. Fig. 13 is an edge view of a certain latch frame. l+l isa view looking to ward the under side of the latch frame as d picted in Fig. 13, part being in section. F1: 15 shows latch-tripping-mechanisms d to occupy positions in the latch set forth in Fi 1,3 and H. the purpose of this ure being to illustrate the relation oi: the e mechanisms to each other and to certain latclrtrippinp; mechanism actuait Fig. 15.3 perspective view of one of these la" n-trippinp; mechanisms. Fig. 1.7 i a. dia ninatic view illustrating the mode of operation of certain mechanism designed to produce an alteration in the rapidity of movement of a die cluring'its progressive motion toward and away from a blank supported in the blank-holder.

Similar characters of referencedesignate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In carrying out my present invention the instrumentalities for giving shape and size to the various types may be simple dies and these instrumentalities are designed to so operate upon the type-formable material as to tend to force the surplus portion sheared from the successive type-blocks in a direction transverse to the blank, and hence away from an adjacent type field.

In forming a series of consecutive types along a blank to produce a typebar byvthe use of appropriate dies, although that portion of the edge of the blank under the working die is supported on one side by the adjoining stock of the blank, on the other side, however, assuming that a type has already been there formed, the formative stresses arising from the advancement of the die has a detrimental effect, tending to cause a distortion of the type field and a more or less complete displacementof the type. For the purpose of protecting the field of. this formed type from the effects resulting from the action of the die, I make use of a wall against which the fiowage induced by the advancing die is received, and which serves to confine the action of the die on that side to the mass of the type-formable material being formed into a type-block surmounted by a typeface. consist of a plate or knife edge, and preferably enters the edge of a blank slightly in advance of the die to insure its satisfactory action. It may be operated as well independently of the die since it is manifest that the purposes fulfilled by the die and the wall are distinct and separate. In practice, however, I find it convenient to make this wall or abutment in the form of a projecting lip or fin at the side of and connected or integral with the die, and have so represented it in the drawings attached to the present specification. For practical purposes, also, a number of different dies designed for successive action are necessary for making a typebar having a series of composed types onits edge. These dies may be brought into proper operative relation to the blank by any suitable means and in any suitable way, but in carrying out my present invention the die or a plurality of the same are preferably conveyed periodically past the operative point. For this purpose the dies may be mounted upon a carrier, which may conveniently be a rotary carrier or turret. Such a form of carrier is illustrated in the drawings accompanying this specification, designated in a general way by T, and as shown This wall may.

is supplied with a driving-shaft 2, rigid at one end with a disk 3, adapted to rotate in a bearing formed in the head or extension 4:, projecting laterally from an upright Z2 erected upon the base-frame B of the machine. This base-frame B may be of any suitable form and construction to support the operative parts of the machine andis shown supplied with legs B Adjacent to the opposite end of the shaft 2 the latter may be journaled in a bearing formed in or supported by an upright or pedestal 6 In the event that a plurality of dies or other instrumentalities are to be employed, they may be conveniently mounted upon the periphcry of one or more wheels. Two such wheels are shown which, with their respective dies, designated generally by C, will hereinafter be referred to as die-wheels and designated by and 5. This number of wheels is chosen for the purposes of the present illustration by reason of the fact that the present machine is particularly adapted for securing an appropriate operation of the dies when so mounted- The aforementioned wall or abutment is shown in the present drawings as a flange 5, arranged adjacent to the set of dies on each die-wheel 5, and a flange 5 is also shown in the present case upon the other side of the dies. This latter flange 5 is adapted to make a slot in the edge of the blank in advance of the type which is being formed, which slot may be of greater width than the retaining flange 5 thus forming a fiowage space when the blank and diewheel are relatively shifted to bring the retaining flange 5 thereinto in forming the next type.

It is evident from what has already been stated that the purpose fulfilled by the retaining flange isthe protection of the adjacent type involving the control of the flowage, and a restriction of the flow to a direction laterally of the bar. When a die and the blank are brought in position to form a type and pressed together for this purpose, those portions of the retaining flange adjacent to the die operating to produce a type in a manner referred to at length later on tend to define the field of action of the die and confine the material therein endwise of the bar, permitting, however, the surplus mate-rial sheared off during the forming process to flow toward the sides of the blank from which latter it may afterward be trimmed or removed by any suitable means to bring the sides of the bar into substantial parallelism. Now, support for the material in the field of action of the working die may be afforded by the mass of unoperated-upon material lying contiguous to the possible contact area of the die on one or both sides thereof. In the latter case, that is, in making a type at a point removed from type already formed, it is manifest that, in so far as concerns the described function per-- formed by the retaining flanges and 5 the presence of these flanges are unnecessary, and hence they may be absent from the. diewlicel. If, however, types are formed consecutircly from end to end of the blank the support a tforded by the unoperated stock will generally be at one side only of the field of action of the die. that is, in advance of the working hie, in which case the die-wheel may have but one flange acting as a support to protect the type immediately at the rear.

fnillustrating an embodiment of the invention in the present machine. it will be understood that all such modifications come within the purview of the invention.

in the operation of the present machine it is designed that a particular die selected from amonothose upon either die-wheel 5 and 5 shall be brought into a position by the movement of the turret T. in which itcan cooperate with the edge of the blank to form a type thereon, and to permit of this each die-wheel may be fixed to an appropriate shaft- G, rotatably mounted on the turret. is here shown each shaft is journaled in the disk 3 and also in a corresponding cross-arm 7 secured to the shaf 2 of the turret. Rotation may be imparted to each shaft (3 through the medium of a corresponding gearwheel S. In the present instance it is not contemplated that either diewheel shall be shifted axially from an operative to an inoperative position and back again, but that the die-wheels shall lie in substantially the same plane transverse to the axis of rotation of the turret T whether they are in an idle or o erative position. In order therefore to render each gear-wheel 8 operative to rotate its respective shaft 6 it is according to the present construction secured to a sleeve 9 encircling the shaft and fitted to slide lengthwise thereof, but ct npclling the shaft to rotate a unit with it by some suitable construction connecting the two.

rise a tian e G", on (3 atlix d to ich shaft (5 in which are adapted to slide pins S1 extending axially from atlange 9 of the corrcspondin sleet l. A. common driver for all the gea t3 may be pr ;=\'ided, as in this stance. consisting of an internal gearai 10, with the teeth of which each u ar-w.-e\

is adapted to mesh when the sleeve 9 to which the gear-wheel attached is shifted along its shaft from a po ition in which the gear-wheel is out of engagement with the driver.

Each sleeve 9 may be yieldingly retained in either one of its two axial positions by means of a corresponding spring-pressed detent, in the present case comprising a spring finger 11 secured to and extending 65 from the flange 6*, and provided at its free For instance. such connection may: extending from a hub end portion with a tooth (not shown) adapted to engage with the notches 11 11 corresponding to the two axial positions of the sleeve. This lengthwise movement of each sleeve 9 to carry its gear-wheel S into and out of engagement with the driving gear may be effected in any suitable way. A construction for the purpose is set forth, which is rendered operative upon the initial rotation of its corresponding shafts 6 (accomplished in a manner that will presently be explained) and comprises a fixed actuating or cam member 12, with which is adapted to cooperate a co-acting member or cam-arm 13, extending from each sleeve 9 for shifting the sleeve in one direction, and a fixed actuating or cam member let with which is adapted to cooperate a co-acting member or cam-arm 15, extending from each sle re 9 for shifting the sleeve in the opposite direction. In the present instance, the operative, r contacting surface of each arm 13 is located on an elastic or spring-like strip for the purpose of minimizing the shock when such surface comes into contact with the actuating member 12. Normally, that is, when the turret T is rotating, and no die-wheel 5 is rotating about its own axis relatively to the turret during its revolution about the axis of the turret, the position of the several arms 13 and is notsuch as to cause their contact with the corresponding actuating members 12 and 1.4-. When, however, a sleeve 9 has been set in rotation, referred to at length later, the arm 13 on a rotating sleeve will be brought at some time during the revolution -of the turret T into contact with the actuating member 12, whereupon, by reason of the continued rotation of the sleeve with its shaft 6 about the axis of the latter, and their revolution about the axis of the turret, the actuating member shifts the sleeve axially along the shaft and carries the corresponding gear-wheel 8 into engagement with the driving-gear 10. After the cliewheel affixed to this particular shaft 6 has passed the point where its die performs its work upon the typebar-blank, the arm 13 extending from the sleeve on the shaft will pass out of contact with the actuating member 12, which action is followed by the contact of the arm 15 of that sleeve with the actuating member 1-1 before the turret has completed its rotation. Subsequently to this contacting of the arm 15 the continued rotation and revolution of the shaft results through the action of the actuating member 1-t in the axial shifting of the sleeve in the opposite direction and the carrying of the gear-w cl 8 out of engagement with the drivin gear 10.

It is essential for the correct operation of the present machine that, when any diewheel 5 comes to rest rotarily its rotative position relatively to the turret should be a fixed and definite one, and the same whenever and however it may be rotated. To attain this result some form of what I may term a precision-brake may be associated with the rotative parts on the turret. For instance, plunger 16, one for each shaft 6, fitted to the bore of a corresponding cylindrical extension-17, projecting radially from a fixture 18 on the shaft 2 may be pressed outwardly by a spring 19 against the shaft, see Fig. 2, operating when the gear-wheel 8 on the shaft has been shifted axially and disengaged from the driving-gear 10 to retard the movement of the shaft and bring the same to rest with the end of the plunger in contact with a flattened portion or facet on the shaft.

The period during which the typeforming operation occurs in the present machine is that corresponding to a temporary cessation in the progressive movement of the die toy ward and from the type-forming polnt and while the blank is in contact with the die on the die-wheel at and adjacent to the lowest point or cusp of the cycloidal aath which it traces, see Fig. 8. The two die-wheels 5 and 5 are shown in the present instance disposed on diametrically opposite sides of the turret T. and for effecting this dwell in the rotary lnoven'ient of the turret at the end of each semi-rotation thereof with a particular die at the type-forming point as stated above, the following described mechanism may be employed. The main driving-shaft S is jtan'naled in suitable bearings, here shown to be provided in a pedestal b, the pedestal I) mentioned as sustaining the turret shaft 2. and the upright 7) already referred to. To this driving-shaft S is secured a driving pulley 20 by means of which the shaft may be rotated from any source of power, and there is also affixed to the shafta gear-wheel 21, which serves to drive through an engaging gear-wheel 22 apinion 23, whose axis as illustrated is coincident with the axis of the shaft. 2 of the turret T. Motion is imparted in the present instance to the shaft of the turret to effect an intermittent rotary movement of the latter by means of an intermediate differential train comprising a gear-wheel 2i. meshing with said pinion 23 and an internal gear-wheel attached to the turret shaft 2. This gear-wheel 24 is adapted to be swung in a circular arcwvhose center lies in the axis of the pinion and for this purpose it may be rotatably mounted on an arm 26 whose hub portion 26 is rotatably fitted to the exterior of the shaft 2? connecting the gear-wheel 22 with the pinion 23, about which shaft 27 the arm may be oscillated to carry the gear-wheel Zt to and fro in the annular space between the pinion 23 and the internal gear-wheel 25. To securely support the several parts an exportion 26 of the arm 26. The action of this transmitting device will be readily understood upon reference to the diagrammatic view of Fig. 17 with the aid of the following explanation. It should be stated at the outset that the diameters of the gear-wheels 21 and 22 are equal, hence the pinion 23 will revolve at the same rate as the main drivingshaft S.

:teferring now to the diagrammatic view,

. 3 represents the intersection of the axis of the driving-shaft S with the plane of the paper on which the view is depicted, and 25 the corresponding intersection of the axis of the internal gear-wheel 25, which axis, as before stated, coincides with the axis of the pinion 23, and also that of the turret shaft 2. The pitch circle of the gear-wheel 21 on the main drivingshaft S is represented by the dotted circle 21 21 21 and the pitch circle of the engaged gear-wheel 22 by the dotted circle 22, 22 22. The pitch circle of the internal gear-wheel 25 is represented by the dotted circle 25 25 25, and he-pitch circle of the pinion 23 by the dotted circle 23 23, 23, 7

Six arbitrary positions of the crank 28 on the main driving-shaft S are chosen for the purpose of illustrating the action of the device, and they are conveniently taken so as to show collectively the progressive move ment of the crank through 360 degrees of are; these positions are indicated by :0, m m m w, and the corresponding positions of the pivotal axis of the joint between the connecting-rod 29 and the arm 30 (this arm being indicated in dotted outline for its corresponding positions) are represented by y, 9 W; '9 3/ y, respectively. Assuming the driving-shaft S to be rotating inthe direction of the arrow at the lower left-hand portion of the diagram, it is plain that the corresponding direction of rotation of the pinion will be in the direction of the arrow adjacent to the circle 23', 23, 23 representing its pitch line. Hence, the direction of rotation imparted to the intermediate gear-wheel 24 will be left-hand, con trary to the direction of movement of the hands of a watch when its axis is in the position indicated by 2 corresponding to the mentioned positions :0 and y. The pitch circle of this intermediate gear-wheel 24 is represented also in dotted outline, the

pivotal axis of the connecting-rod joint from 5 to and carry the center of the interi termedia the direction that the described rotation of i the intcrn'iediate gear-wheel 24 tends to turn the internal gear-wheel 25. This movement 5 ot the crank trom to a] corresponds to one-sixth of the full rotation of the main shaft, and since the pinion 23 rotates at the same speed as this shaft, as already explained, and the internal gear-wheel 25 in this case is twice the diameter of the pinion, the internal gear-wheel will be rotated 011*- tweltth of a turn, leaving out of account the swinging of the intermediate gear-wheel. Taking this circular translational movement of the axis of the intermediate gear-wheel K into account, the one-twelfth rotation of the internal gear-wheel 25 will be increased by the angul movement corresponding to the are 2 as the intermediate gear-wheel rolls over the pinion. For a further onesixth rotation of the main driving-shaft S through the arc -a2 the said pivotal axis of the connecting-rod joint will move from to if", and the internal gear-wheel 25 will be given an additional one-twelfth of a turn plus the added traction of a complete rota- 5 on.

1' I, dueto the swinging of the intermediate Sear-wheel center from point 2 to point 2", therefore, for two-sixths of a full rotation of the driving-shaft S the internal gear-wheel will be rotated two-twel'tths ot' a rotation, plus that fraction of a rotation due to the rolling of the intermediate gearwheel as its center moves through the arc l ihen the first portion of the next onesixth rotation of the crank 28 has occurred it will take the position w and the pivotal axis of the connecting-rod joint will be moved to the position y shitting back again to the position 3 upon the completion of the one-sixth rotary movement with the crank a the point indicated by The position of the intermediate gear-wheel center corresponding to this position 2 is a", there being consequently a further net rotative movement given to the internal earwheel 0t one-twelfth of a full turn plus that fraction of a turn due to the rolling of the intermediate gear-wheel as its center more through. the arc e z. The main driving-shaft S has now rotated one half of full. turn, while the internal gear-wheel 25 has made three-twelfths or one-quarter 0f.a rotation plus that fraction of a rotation due to the rolling of the intermediate gearwheel as its center moves through the arc of a rotation .22

ow the angular movement imparted to the internal gear-wheel 25 by reason of the swingin and consequent rolling of the intermediate gear-wheel Z-tlas its center moves from x to 2: is represented by the sum of t angle subtei'lded by the are 22" and subtended by that arc of the pitch of the over which the inthe angle c rcle pinion 2o gear-wheel 2- rolls in the moving of its center from .2 to 2* after this are has been laid oti" on the pitch circle of the internal gear-wheel The throw of the crank 28 and the length of the arm 30 are such that these two angles are together a proximately equal to 90 degrees, that is, they correspond to one-quarter of a turn of the internal gear-wheel 25. Hence tor that particular senii-rotation of the crank 28 ronsidered the turret shaft will be rotated a halt turn. For the next one-sixtl'i rotation of the crank, that is, from m to a2 the corresponding movement of the pivotal axis of the connecting-rod joint will be from to y", carrying the intermediate gear-wheel center from to 2", that is, in a direction the reverse of that in which the rotation of the intermediate geanwheel :Z-t tends to turn the internal gear-wheel Clhe conditions are now reversed, the 'ative move ment due to the swinging of the in mediate gear-wheel 2% which before was added to that due to the etlect of the rotating pinion acting now to diminish this latter eltcct. The relation of the various engaging gear-wheels and other part; concerned are such as to cause die tendency to reverse the rotation arising from the rolling of the intermediate gear-wheel 2st over the pinion 2 as center moves through the arc to be approximately equal to one-twelfth ot' a full turn of the internal gear-wheel hence, the rotative movement of the intern'iediate gear-wheel, due to the rotation of the pinion 2 3 is in amount such as to turn the internal gear-wheel one-twelfth of a complete rotation, the internal gear-wheel will sin'iply roll backward along the teeth of tie internal gear-wheel and cause sub- 7 no movement ot the latter. For reason substantially no movement ternal. gear-wheel occurs for the l traction of rotation oi.

1 ar the crank. that "from .11" to is, resulting in a oven'ient of the pivotal axis of the conn'. rod joint from to y, and the tran..- r of the intermediate gear-wheel center from to During the first portion of he last one-sixth of a rotation of the crank, that is, from a) to $0", the pivotal axis will move to the positlon y", returning to rotates as represented by the arrow, a distance represented by the arc z 2, causing as a result the internal gear-wheel to rotate forward a full one-twelfth of a rotation minus that fraction of a rotation due to the rolling of the intermediate gear-wheel as its center moves through the arc e.2.'

This completes the second semi-rotation of the crank 8 and it will be evident from what has been said in a preceding paragraph relative to the effect produced by the rolling of the intermediate gear-wheel 2t over the pinion 23, since its effect is reversed in the second semi-rotation for each full rotation of the crank, the internal gearwheel 25 makes but a half turn. In other words, during the translational movement of the intermediate gear-wheel center from 2 to 2 the internal gear-wheel 25, and consequently the turret T which is rotated thereby, turns on its axis. The speed of this movement of the turret begins to slacken, however, as the intermediate gear-wheel center nears the position 2* and is rapidly reduced to zero as the intermediate gearwheel swings in the opposite direction, that is, from .2 toward 2, until as the intermediate gear-wheel center approaches the latter position 2, the rotative movement of the internal'gear-wheel accelerates and increases in rapidity which it continues to do as it passes this point and the translational motion of its center is reversed; the complete oscillation of the intermediate gearwheel 2-1 during the complete rotation of the driving-shaft S, causes the internal gear-wheel 25 to-lose such a fraction of a rotation as the intermediate gear-wheel swings in one direction as it gains when it swings in the opposite direction. It is during this temporary suspension of the rotarial movement of the turret T that the type-forming operation takes place, and to permit of this being properly done the two die-wheels 5 and 5 shown are so disposed on the turret that they shall come successively and at such periods into appropriate relation to a blank held in a suitable blankholder referred to at length later herein.

Mechanism will now be described for effecting the initial rotation of the die-wheels at predetermined points in the plane of their rotation, whereby any particular die upon either of the wheels may be caused to assume its proper position with respect to the blank toenable it to form a type thereon. This mechanism comprises, as herein shown, a starting-arm 31 on each shaft 6 having a resetting heel 31, the construction and which the latch extends.

operation of each of which arms may be such as set forth in Patents No. 401,371 and 573,620, granted'to me on April 16, 1889, and December 22, 1896, respectively, which patents may be consulted for a more detailed description. Designed to cooperate with these startingarms 31, 31 are a number of latches, designated generally by 32, see particularly Fig. 6, located in suitable openings in a latch frame 33, with their inner ends disposed substantially concentric about the turret-shaft 2. Normally each latch 32 is in a retracted position with its end removed from the path of both starting-arms 31, 31,

permitting thus the free rotation of the turret without causing the engagement of elther starting-arm with a latch. Each latch 32 may be held in this retracted position against the tension of a spring 3 1 (designed to project the latch forward when tripped) by a shoulder 32, which contacts with the edge of an opening in the latch frame through Each spring 3 1 is secured to suitable pins 32, 32, one upon the latch and the other upon the latch frame 33, while a stop 35 on the latch limits the inward movement of the latter. lVhen a latch is pushed outward to reset it after having been tripped the engagement of the shoulder 32 is insured by a spring 343, operating to move the latch transversely of its opening in the latch frame.

Mechanism for tripping the latches 32 may be as follows: Each such tripping mechanism is shown to be operative from a separate rock-lever 36. The series of rocklevers 36 may be fulcrumed intermediate their ends to a rod 36*, supported in a bracket 36 beneath the base frame B, see Fig. 3, and each lever carries a key 36 for operating it, which key, in the present case, is located upon the transversely-bent outer end-portion of the lever. To each rock-lever 36 there is connected, by means of a link 37, an actuator 38, consisting, as herein shown, of a curved rod located and slidable in a corresponding slot formed in the outer shell 36 of the latch frame 33. There will be an actuator corresponding to the type or space forming die or a space upon a die-wheel 5, to which each operating key 36 is referable, and the series of actuators 38 may be held in place in the latch frame 33, by means of cross-pieces 38 extending from side to side of the latch frame and secured to the side frames 33, 33, to which the latch frame is also secured and which are erected from the base frame B.

The latch frame 33 has, in the present instance, a center web 33, from which extends on-.each side flanges 33 53, provided with suitable openings, to receive the latches 32. These latches on each side of the web 33 are held in place'by plates 33 33, respectively. The movement of each actuator 38 in one direction may be limited by a projection 38 thereon, and its movement in the opposite direction by a pro ection 38, each of which projections is adapted to co-a'ct connected to its actuator 38 by means of an arm, designated generally by ll, which enters notch 41 in the actuator. his arm 41 serves to vibrate the rock-shaft l-O with which it connects by a to and fro movement of the actuator. From each rock-shaft lO extends a tripping-arm having a laterally projecting portion e2 adapted to contact with a latch 32 and move it to release the shoulder 32 and permit the spring 3% to project the latch inward. In the present instance the tripping arm, 2 passes through an opening in the flange 33 of sufficient dimensions to permit of its vibration.

The openings in the center web 33 of the latch frame 33 rnrough which the several tripping arms 42 extend to connect with the actuators 38 may be formed by recessing the web on its inner side with a number of slots, 33", each extending in the direction of the latch frame axis to a distance that will permit the arm opposite any given slot to be connected with that actuator which is designed for its operation.

By referring to Fig. 15, which shows the relation existing in the present machine between the several arms atl and 42, and the actuators 33, it will be noticed that all the tripping arms 42 on the sameside of the web 33 are located in the same plane, but that the arms 4:1 on the seven lower shafts lO, as represented at the left of the figure and on the six lower shafts as indicated on the right of the figure, are in different planes transverse to the shafts thereby;

bringing each arm into the plane of its actuator 38 indicated at the upper portion of the figure. The three upper arms 4-1. at each side are, however. in the same transverse plane as the one er-ztending from the corresponding fourth shaft e0, counting downward, and to enable the arms of these upper shafts to be connected with their proper actuators each arm may be provided with a suitable extension or offset, see a l, 41 e1 of a length suliicientto permit it to reach and enter the notch 33 in its actuator as aforesaid, each offset being provided with Such oscillatory movement takes place dur-- ing at least a portion of the period occupied in the formation of a type, and results in the forging and swaging of the material into a compact, durable and sharply defined type or character. The mechanism set forth in the drawings attached to the present specification is adapted to accomplish this alternating movement in a curvilinear path about a fixed axis. The member adapted to have this oscillatory movement is, in the present instance, the blank whose edge subjected to the action of the dies, and such oscillation also occurs as herein set forth during a comparatively Quiescent condition of a working die, so far as any coincident harmonious movement thereof cooperating with the movement of the blank is concerned. Such curvilinear novement of the member may be described as a rolling movement, and the direction thereof is crosswise of the blank; that is, transverse to a line joining the type which is being formed at any time and an adjacent type or an adjacent mass of material upon the edge of the blank. This rolling movement operates not only to produce a wrought type by forging and swag ing a mass of the material into a type having an impr ssion face or sharp definition, compacted and condensed, and supported upon a wrought column possessing like characteristics as the latter of those just mentioned but accomplishes well a lateral or crosswise movement or flow of the material in excess of the quantity needed for a finished type and typeblock. Particularly does this movement of the material laterally of the blank result most advantageously during the production of successive types along the blank, if the retaining walls before adverted to are used in conjunction with the type-forming dies. The excess material is rolled toward the sides of the blank, and any portions projecting beyond the planes of the sides may afterward be removed by suitable means.

The blank for forming the typebar is made from some suitable type-formable material, that is. a material of appropriate composition which is brought into the desired form by suitable means. The blank may be cast but preferably will be reduced to shape by suitable means operating to form a wrought metal bar of a length corresponding to the length of a typebar. The blank may, however, be made in the form of a continuous strip or rod, which is afterward cut to the proper lengths.

Referring now to the mounting of a blank for permitting its oscillation and the mechanism for producing the same as herein above set forth, 42 is a holder for the blank in the form of a cradle. A blank designated generally by V may be removably secured in the slot 4x2", in this holder 42 by some suitable means, that herein shown for instance, com 'nising screws 5'13, adapted to force the blank against the side of the holder. The axis of oscillation of the holder 4-2 is defined by the shaft 4A at each end, which is journaledin a corresponding block 44 This axis of oscillation is located adjacent to the impression face of the finished type and preferably just below that face. An oscillation of the desired character is imparted to the holder l2 by any suitable means, and is of such an amplitude as not to disrupt or weaken the type block where it is connected with the body of the blank V. The oscillatory movement imparted to the blank may continue during the whole period of each individual type formation, or it may last for only a portion of such period, while it may or may not be uniform throughout its continuation with respect to its amplitude of oscillation and its periodicity. It may, however, differ, in either one or both of these respects, but will preferably diminish in amplitude during the final stages of the completion of a type. A mechanism for imparting such varying oscillatory movementto the holder s2 and a contained blank is set forth, comprising a crank pin as extending from a disk 45 afiixed to a shaft 4:6, journaled in suitable bearings and rotated by m ans of engaging gear-wheels 47 and 48, from a shaft 49, driven by the internal gear 50, mounted within the driving pulley 20 and meshing with a gearwheel 51 secured to the shaft L9. Rotation of the shaft 46 serves to revolve the pin 45 which enters a slot 51 in a vibratory arm 52 mounted upon a pivotal support 52 and effects the vibration thereof.

blidably mounted upon the vibratory arm is a block 53, to which is pivoted a link 54., jointed at the opposite end to an arm 55 of a rock-shaft 56. From this shaft 56 there extends a second arm or oscillator 57, which, when the rock-shaft 56 is actuated serves to oscillate the blank-holder 42 through the medium of an arm 58, projecting from the holder. As it is designed in the operation of the machine that the holder 4L2 shall have a step-by-step, longitudinal feeding movement to bring successive portions of.

. the contained blank to the type forming point the oscillator 57 is shown extended lengthwise of the rock-shaft 56 for the purpose of maintaining connection with the arm 58 during such lengthwise feeding movement, see Fig. 10. It is manifest from this construction that when the slidable block 53 occupies a position removed from the axis of vibration. of the arm 52, that an oscillatory movement will be imparted to the blank holder 42 during the rotation of the main driving pulley 20, which oscillationv will be of uniform amplitude for any given position of the block. If, however, this block occupies a position in which the pivotal aXis 'of the connection of the link 5-1 therewith corresponds to the axis of vibration of the arm 52, no oscillation will be imparted to the blank holder, and the amplitude of oscillation of the latter will increase as the block is moved outward toward the end of the arm. The construction shown permits the block 53 to be shifted to and fr along the vibratory arm 52, and it com prises a rock-shaft 59 suitably mounted and provided with an arm 60 connecting a link 61 to the slidable block 58. Rigid with the rock-shaft 59 is a cam arm 62, a roller or lateral projection 63 of which is adapted to bear against a cam 64:. This cam 64 is attached to the main driving-shaft S, and is of suitable form to produce the appropriate movement of the rock-shaft 59 and shift the block 53 to eifectthe desired variation in the oscillatory movement of the blankholder 42. A. spring 59 maintains the roller 63 in contact with the cam 76%.

The operation of a die upon the blank to form a type takes place while the edge of the blank is under the pressure of the die, and to bring about this result, mechanism is shown for causing a relativemovement of 105 the die and blank toward each other. Such movement which may be characterized as a transverse feeding movement may be come tensive in duration with the period consumed in the production of a completed type 110 progressing uniformly from beginning to the end of a type-forming period, or such transverse feeding movement may be limited to a portion or portions only of such period and it may continue longer than the 115 oscillation and vary in any desired manner. Preferably, however, the feeding movement will continue somewhat longer than the oscillatory movement of the blank to assist in the final placing of the type, as it were, and 120 the formation of a perfectly levelface to the ii'npression surface thereof, and such movement will alsodecrease in speed during the later stages of the type-forming operation. The transverse feeding movement in the pres -5 ent case is imparted to the blank by mounting the blocks ie 44* in corresponding guideways 65, 65 in the side portions or up? rights 65, 65 of the carriage 65, so designated by reason of the fact that it is sus- 130 ceptible of a lengthwise movement to bring successive portions of the edge of a contained blank to the type-forming point. Located in the carriage and adjacent to each block 44: is a slide-bar 66, each having a tongue or rib 6T inclined to the direction of movement of the bar and adapted to slide the blocks dd M" in unison with each other to and fro in their guideways 65 65 and move the blank into and out of operative relation with the dies. These slide-bars 66, 66 are actuated in the present instance by a cam 68 on the main driving-shaft S (see Figs. 1 and 5 particularly) through the medium of a cam roller 69, which bears against the cam and is mounted upon a link 10 connected to an arm 71 mounted upon a shaft 72, journaled in the carriage 65 and provided with pinions T3, '73, each meshing with a corresponding rack 7% formed or secured to the slide-bars 66, G6. The bifun catcd end 70 of the link 70 is shown embracing the driving-shaft S to serve a guide for the link. and since, as stated above, and more fully described below, the carriage G5 is capable of moving back and forth, the arm '71 may be located as shown between fixed journal portions 71", 71, for the shaft 72 and provided with an inwardly projecting pin, not shown, adapted to enter a longitudinal slot 72" in the pinion shaft 72, and thereby permit the shaft to move lengthwise but compelling its rotation when the arm 71 is swung by the rotation of cam, 68. A spring 75 (see Figs. 1 and 9 particularly) is provided for urging the parts constantly in a direction opposite to that in which the cam '68 tends to move them.

The carriage 65 as already stated is adapted to have a lengthwise movementimparted to it, such movement being'a step-by-step one in the direction of the slot 4-2" of the blank-holder $2 to bring portions of the edge of a blank therein successively into the plane ot the die-wheels. The mechanism. shown for this purpose comprises a feed disk corresponding to each die-wheel 5. In the present instance the gear-wheels 8, S perform the functions of such disks, each gear-wheel being notched on its radial face on that side to ard which they move to engage the gear-wheel with the driver 10. These radial notches, designated generally by 76, may be of different radial depths, as shown in Fig. 5, to cause different amounts of feed movement corresponding to ditferent widths of dies. Adapted to coact with the notches 76 upon either gear-wheel 8 when the same is shifted axially is a projection or pin 7? extending from a tloating-arn 78, which is pivotally mounted upon arock-arm '19 attached to a rock-shaft 80, journaled in suitable bearings supported upon the base frame B. in the operation of the machine such pin or. projection 77 is adapted to enter a notch 76 and after contacting with the shoulder formed by the bottom of the notch cause the depression of the arm 78 by reason of the continued rotary and orbital movement of the gear-wheel. Such depression is participated in by the rockarm 79 and causes the shaft 80 rock in its bearings. Further movement of the gear-wheel rolls the pin or projection 77 out of the notch, while springiinger 81 attached to the floating-arm T8 and located between stops or pins 82, 82, seen in dotted outline Fig. 5, on each side of the spring-finger, causes the deflected floating-urn) to resume its normal position with respect to the rock-arm 79. Assuming that the shaft 80 has been rocked in its hearing, such movement results, according to the present construction, in the partial rotation of a ratchet-wheel S3, lo sely mounted upon the rock -shaft, through the medium of a spring-pressed pawl pivoted to a pawl-carrying arm 85, extending from the shaft 80 adjacent to the )osite end of the turret T. Secured to ratchet-wheel is a gear-wheel 86, which serves to drive, through an intermediate gear-wheel 87, a gear-wheel attached to a shaft 89 formed with a feedscrew 90. A spring 91 is provided for lifting the rock-arm 7'!) after its depression and causing the rock-shaft S0 to return to its normal or idle position after actuation, the pawl 8e sliding idly over the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 83 during this return movement.

Any suitable construction for effecting the lengthwise movement of the cart its guides 92 from the rotation or the feedscrew may be provided, that here illustrated comprising a nut 93, having oppositelyfacing shoulders formed by end. flanges 94-, between which is located a dependent projection 95 of the carriage. If this projection 95 is made in such form as to be capable of being clamped to and unclaiuped from the nut- (a thumb-screw 96 being here shown for tha purpose) upon unclamping or releasing the nut the carriage 65 may be moved back and forth by hand.

A. space 9? may be provided on each diewheel for the purpose of insuring the free revolution of the wheel about the axis of the turret out of contact with a blank in position in the holder 42. For forming such spaces as exist in. ordinary composition between words and letters either or both diewheels 5, 5 may be provided with a suita 'JlG die or dies operating when brought into position over the edge of the blank to roll off a portion of the edge and depress the surface at that point below the surface of the type faces. Such an operation may be nought about upon the actuation of the key marked Space in Fig. 1. in forming a de- 

